EU and NATO member states have made big announcements after the Russian invasion of Ukraine. Some who are not members of NATO, debate whether to join the military alliance. Others declare a significant increase in their defense budget and yet others again, who had opted out of the EU’s security policy, now will hold a referendum to join it. And the EU has converted institutional structures to provide lethal weapons to Ukraine. In this session, we will discuss these initiatives and asses what kind of change they signify and to what possible effect.